From april to october the 31st '44
part 2
Index


The next day, some more bombing by the same six Baltimores and six Venturas blew up what was left, in particular the area between Calle Larga and Calle Santa Maria, Calle dei Papuzzeri, Calle Gabriele d'Annunzio, Piazzetta S. Rocco, Bastione Moro. Flames flared up for two days. The Summary reported: "A large oil tanker destroyed. Several small boats probably destroyed. Many buildings along the quays demolished. Hits on a revolving bridge". At the same time as the raid on the town, some more Beaufighters and Mustangs attacked Nona and Rasanze.

On October 1st the partisans notified the HQ of the Balkan Air Force that "two German schooners in a cove off Zaton (2 km south of Nona) O. 933150 and three more at the wooden jetty in cove at 0950180 brought 700 German troops to Zara". The next day twelve Baltimores were above the town, and bombs were dropped mainly on Val di Maistro, Barcagno, Val di Bora and on the port. On the 4th twenty-one of them were back (eleven Baltimores and ten Venturas), and the Summary registered: "Fires and large explosion caused. Hits on quayside, 500 ton vessel and other smaller vessels and barges". Pietro Luxardo, who happened to be in Peterzane at the time (about 15km north-north-west of Zara) wrote: "Thank God, me and almost all the others" - those scattered through the countryside - "have lived through that. Viale Malta and Cereria - i.e. those still living in Zara - went through some uncertain moments".

Piazza delle Erbe
Piazza delle Erbe - before
On the 9th, the bombers were aiming at the town: seven raids from the early morning to 16 p.m. They were targeted on the port. But, once again, they hit Barcagno, Cereria, Val de' Ghisi, the area around the Stadium with the G.I.L. (Italian Littorian Youth) House, bombs in Parco Regina Elena (Queen Helen's Park). The daily Summary of the Balkan Air Force reported: "...Venturas and Baltimores made several attacks on shipping at Zara. Beaufighters on shipping sweep in the Canale di Zara and Podgorski Channel reported no movement...". "Venturas and Baltimores attacked Zara where shipping had been reported. They [the crews] claim to have hit a 200 ft. vessel scoring 3 direct hits. Black smoke followed and orange flame was observed. They also hit buildings and probable storehouses. The crews also reported to have started 3 small fires...", "...Beaufighters attacked an enemy garrison at Oltre on the island of Ugliano with rockets and cannon fire scoring numerous hits on buildings".


On October 25th three raids on Zara by 17 Venturas. They mainly released on Val di Bora, (center-east of the port), and they also hit San Simeone's Church. According to the Summary, the planes were aiming at the "Shipping installations in Zara..." and there were "hits on the buildings and breakwater...". On the 28th, six Baltimores and six Venturas attacked the area of the Colovare and Borgo Erizzo (southern part of the town) but the reconnaissance was not successful because of the overcast sky.

The very same day, Prefect Coceani in Triest was relaying to Zara the telegram with which the Ministry of the Interior of Salò ordered Head of the Province Vincenzo Serrentino, to leave the town.

On the 30th the planes, in three air raids, dug large craters in Val de' Ghisi hitting the public housing district. Some more bombs were dropped on the "Cadorna" barracks. At 22:30, Serrentino, after twelve months' resolute commitment embarked on a German torpedo boat and left Zara.

At night, with fourteen ships escorted by two armed boats, the German garrison and some from the Italian workers battalion were on their way to Sebenico, too.

On Novovember 2nd, Coceani telegraphed Guido Buffarini Guidi, Minister of the Interior: "Last night the prefect of Zara and National Republican Guard Commander Montesi arrived in Trieste".

Dr. Giacomo Vuxani - Vice-prefect and Prefecture municipal Commissioner - Head of the Cabinet in the Prefecture Prof. Vincenzo Fiengo, "Carabinieri" (Italian MP & Judiciary Police) Major Raffaele Trafficante and Lieutenant Ignazio Terranova remained in Zara. There were about ninety "Carabinieri", thirty policemen, sixty military from the workers battalion.

At daybreak on October 31st, in the heaps of debris in a destroyed town, Lieutenant Terranova with some "zaratini" (Zara's citizens) went up the bell tower of the Cathedral and stretched out the Italian flag long the balustrade of the balcony beneath the cusp. That was the last Italian flag to be flown in Zara.


The Germans had left. The dreaded but eagerly awaited time had come. What now?

The first partisans appeared around 9 a.m. They came down the road which leads from San Giovannino to the crossroads of Val de' Ghisi, in small, scattered, isolated groups.

At about 9:30 planes inexplicably came back. The same six Venturas and six Baltimores. "They are no more frightening - wrote Tullio Vallery - but sudden explosions gave me a start. I can hear somebody crying, I can see people run away in a panic. It is rumored that some are dead, some of them partisans". The road to Val de' Ghisi is devastated by bomb craters. Four partisans are dead.

At 11 some more bombing even though there were flags of surrender everywhere "...to signal a new situation...", and bombs were dropped in the public housing area in Val de' Ghisi, where some more partisans were coming. At about 13, the area around the "Cadorna" barracks was bombed again. "Just a few minutes earlier - recalls Don Lovrovich - I had been speaking with the soldier Vincenzo Filloni, from Rome. [...] He was half buried in the ruins beside a bomb crater". He was probably the last victim of that long sequence of about two thousand deaths that, since the bombing on the 2nd of November of the previous year, had covered the town with blood.

That morning, major Trafficante, lieutenant Terranova, Mr. Giacomo Vuxani, professor Fiengo had responsibly waited for the partisans to agree on the keeping of the order and the transfer of power. One of their commanders assured them that everything would occur in order and in complete agreement. A couple of hours later, the "Carabinieri" were disarmed and taken prisoner.
Piazza delle Erbe
Piazza delle Erbe
Piazza delle Erbe - after


The radio of Tito spread the news, rebroadcast by Radio Bari, that: "The partisan troops have occupied the town after three days' harsh fighting".

In a matter of a few days, Mr. Trafficante, Mr. Terranova, Mr. Fiengo, the police headquarters personnel, policemen, civilians, some 180 people altogether, were executed.


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